Hydrogen Basics

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Fuel cells run on hydrogen (hidrogen fuel), the simplest element and most plentiful gas in the universe. Hydrogen is colorless, odorless and tasteless. Each hydrogen molecule has two atoms of hydrogen, which accounts for the H 2 we often see. Hydrogen is the lightest element, with a density of 0.08988 grams per liter at standard pressure, yet it has the highest energy content per unit weight of all the fuels (hidrogen fuel) – 52,000 Btu/lb, or three times the energy of a pound of gasoline.

Hydrogen is never found alone on earth — it is always combined with other elements such as oxygen and carbon. Hydrogen can be extracted from virtually any hydrogen compound and is the ultimate clean energy carrier. It is safe to manufacture. And hydrogen's chemical (hidrogen fuel) energy can be harnessed in pollution-free ways.

Hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) generated from diverse domestic resources can reduce demand for oil by more than 11 million barrels per day by the year 2040.

A good source of information on hydrogen is the U.S. Department of Energy's H2IQ web page, as well as the overview book, Hydrogen & Our Energy Future, which expands on DOE's series of one-page fact sheets to provide an in-depth look at hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) and fuel cell technologies. This overview book provides additional information on the science behind the technology — how it works, benefits over conventional technology, its status, and challenges — and explains how hydrogen and fuel cells (hidrogen fuel) fit into our energy portfolio.

Together with partners, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) developed a National Hydrogen Energy Road Map to provide a framework to make the hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) economy a reality. This Road Map outlines the challenges ahead to developing a hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) economy - including the necessary elements of a hydrogen infrastructure for not only on transportation uses but also distributed generation, since development of a hydrogen infrastructure would benefit both applications.

The National Hydrogen Energy Road Map and other pertinent documents are available on the DOE's Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, & Infrastructure Technologies Program website.

Hidrogen Fuel

original source: http://www.fuelcells.org/hydrogen/basics.html

Potential Uses for Hydrogen (Hidrogen Fuel)

Hidrogen Fuel

Potential Uses for Hydrogen

When properly stored, hydrogen as a fuel burns in either a gaseous or liquid state. Motor vehicles and furnaces can be converted to use hydrogen as a fuel (hidrogen fuel). Hydrogen has actually been used in the transportation, industrial, and residential sectors in the United States for many years. Many people in the late 19th century burned a fuel called "town gas," which is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Several countries, including Brazil and Germany, still distribute this fuel. Hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) was used in early "hot-air" balloons, and later in airships (dirigibles) during the early 1900's. Gaseous hydrogen was used in 1820 as fuel for one of the earliest internal combustion engines. The U.S. Air Force had a secret, multi-million dollar program during the 1950's, code-named "Suntan," to develop hydrogen as a fuel for airplanes. Currently, industries use large quantities of hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) for refining petroleum, and for producing ammonia and methanol. The Space Shuttle uses hydrogen as fuel for its rockets. Automobile manufacturers have developed hydrogen-powered cars.

Burning hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) creates less air pollution than gasoline or diesel. Hydrogen also has a higher flame speed, wider flammability limits, higher detonation temperature, burns hotter, and takes less energy to ignite than gasoline. This means that hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) burns faster, but carries the danger of pre-ignition and flashback. While hydrogen has its advantages as a vehicle fuel it still has a long way to go before it can be used as a substitute for gasoline. This is mainly due to the investment required to develop a hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) production and distribution infrastructure.

However, things are getting started in this regard. Vehicle manufacturers Honda and BMW have set up hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) fueling stations as part of their efforts to develop fuel cell powered cars. At Honda's research and development center in Torrance, California, a PV array electrolyses hydrogen from water. The array generates enough hydrogen to power one fuel-cell vehicle. Additional power from the power grid is used to increase the hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) production capacity. The new station is supporting Honda's fuel cell vehicle development program for hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) production, storage, and fueling. Honda and a fuel cell developer are also working together on a "home" hydrogen refueling system for fuel cell vehicles. BMW opened a hydrogen fueling station at the company's engineering and emissions control test center in Oxnard, California. BMW is taking a different approach than most car companies, burning hydrogen directly in advanced internal-combustion engines, and is testing these vehicles at the Oxnard facility.

The California Fuel Cell Partnership (CaFCP) is also building a hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) infrastructure. The CaFCP commissioned its first "satellite" hydrogen fueling system in late October 2002, in Richmond, California, about 70 miles from the CaFCP headquarters and a primary refueling facility in West Sacramento. This extends the range over which the CaFCP's prototype fuel cell vehicles can be driven. The fueling system uses electrolysis to generate hydrogen from water and includes a storage unit capable of holding 104 pounds (47 kilograms) of hydrogen(hidrogen fuel). It is capable of fueling a small fleet of vehicles and requires only one or two minutes per refueling.

In November 2002, the world's first hydrogen energy station that can provide fuel for vehicles and also produce electricity opened in Las Vegas Nevada. The station is located in the city's vehicle maintenance and operation service center. It combines an on-site hydrogen generator, compressor, liquid and gaseous hydrogen storage tanks, dispensing systems, and a stationary fuel cell. It is capable of dispensing hydrogen (hidrogen fuel), hydrogen-enriched natural gas, and compressed natural gas. DOE is also working with the city to convert municipal vehicles to operate on hydrogen.

Fuel cells are a type of technology that use hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) to produce useful energy. In fuel cells, electrolysis is reversed by combining hydrogen and oxygen through an electrochemical process, which produces electricity, heat, and water. The U.S. space program has used fuel cells to power spacecraft for decades. Fuel cells capable of powering automobiles and buses have been and are being developed. Several companies are developing fuel cells for stationary power generation. Most major automobile manufacturers are developing fuel cell powered automobiles.

Hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) could be considered a way to store energy produced from renewable resources such as solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and geothermal. For example, when the sun is shining, solar photovoltaic systems can provide the electricity needed to separate the hydrogen (as described above regarding Humboldt State University's Research Center). The hydrogen (hidrogen fuel) could then be stored and burned as fuel, or to operate a fuel cell to generate electricity at night or during cloudy periods.
Source: http://www.hydrogenfuel.net/

Hidrogen Fuel

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Hydrogen Fuel Cars - Do They Exist? (hidrogen fuel)

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Did you know that hydrogen fuel cars are already on the streets of many first world countries? General Motors and Ford already launched hydrogen fuel cars and currently, BMW has created a series of the same type of vehicle. General Motors already have thirteen hydrogen fuel cars roaming the streets of Washington, including 6 minivans.

Ford is still in the process of manufacturing 'Focus'. Other car manufacturers namely Honda, Toyota, DaimlerChrysler, and Nissan already have vehicles in the Army and even with the public.

With the launching of hydrogen fuel cars, many car owners no longer have to worry about gas mileage. If you want to save money now, yet you can't afford the hydrogen fuel cars, have your existing car converted. Of course, it can cost a little but the benefits are priceless.

By 2010, General Motors will launch alternative hydrogen fuel cars. Although the cars use alternative hydrogen fuel, the price is just like that of internal combustion vehicles. GM and Shell are now partners; the latter has created stations for hydrogen fuel to meet the demand for the alternative fuel. The two giant companies projected that for every 200,000 hydrogen fuel cars, 300 stations are needed.

If you walk the streets of Europe, you will hardly notice that there are some hydrogen fuel buses roaming their streets. DaimlerChrysler introduced the said buses in 2004. You can find the buses in Barcelona, Amsterdam, London, Hamburg, Madrid, Luxemburg, Reykjavik, Porto, Stuttgart, and Stockholm. The buses function well regardless of the weather.

In fact, the buses provide excellent transportation during hot summers and cold winters; as well as in the hilly regions and flatlands. You can find hydrogen stations in the 7 major cities of Europe and each station is equipped with the necessary equipments like the electrolysis tools. Water is used to create the fuel for the stations.

An ethanol fuel car can also use hydrogen fuel cells. Ethanol has water and this is where the hydrogen is derived. If you use this alternative, you can improve gas mileage and at the same time supply the cells with the needed hydrogen. This type of vehicle is called water power car or hybrid car and it can run using ethanol or hydrogen.

If you want a clean and abundant energy source, choose hydrogen fuel cars. As long as you have a water source, you can use it to power your hydrogen car. At present, the fuel cells are quite large but developers are now trying to make it more efficient and more reliable. Just imagine the very first computers which were large but after several years, small versions were soon invented and launched. It will not be shocking if hydrogen fuel technology will rapidly develop.

One thing's for sure, hydrogen fuel cars do exist. Some people are still unaware of this fact but in the coming years, these cars will dominate the streets. Here's good news to everyone, if you want to address the global warming problem, have your cars converted if it is feasible.

Check your locality if you can find a hydrogen station. This is a very important decision that you have to make, so be sure that you will have no regrets. So far, users of hydrogen fuel cars do not have any regrets and with the advanced technology of today, improvements are on their way. So look out for the cars of the future.

About the Author: Gargi Nath,a Professor in English in a reputed college in kolkata for the last 5 years having done masters and Phd.A keen creative author and have written many articles on numerous topics.Many of the articles are published regularly in newspapers and magazines.Please visit my blog http://fuel-as-hydrogen.blogspot.com for more information on hydrogen fuel cars.

Hidrogen Fuel
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